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INTRODUCTION M any ponds have been constructed in Nebraska over the years, most in the eastern third of the state. Several surveys have found that about 25% of licensed anglers fish in private impoundments, primarily farm ponds. Although many ponds provide good fishing, some do not. Poor fishing can result from improper pond construction or management, or uses that conflict with fish production. Ponds need to have good water quality, favorable aquatic habitat, and proper management in order to develop and maintain desirable fish populations. They must also have adequate water depths to prevent excessive growth of aquatic vegetation and to support aquatic life during periods of adverse environmental conditions. Finally, they need to have the correct balance of fish populations to achieve desired angling goals. This handbook is intended to help owners of both new and old ponds, and those who plan to build a pond, to maximize the fishing potential of their pond. Information is provided on pond construction, stocking, environmental modifications, management, and maintenance. By understanding the conditions that can lead to problems, the pond owner can correct them, or even prevent them from occurring in the first place. If after reading this handbook you still have questions or would like to discuss any topics in greater detail, contact the fisheries or wildlife biologists at your area Nebraska Game and Parks Commission district office, or the Commission's Private Waters Specialist in Lincoln (see Appendix A for a list of technical assistance contacts). Whether you enjoy fishing for bluegills with a child or catching a lunker bass, searching the thick shoreline vegetation for a late season rooster pheasant, or just listening to a bullfrog serenade, we hope this handbook will help you maximize the enjoyment you receive from your pond.