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72 • Nebraska Game and Parks Commission Phytoplankton Fish found dead and/ Nutrient enriched ponds Reduce nutrient inputs Die-off or gasping for air at produce dense blooms of by diverting nutrient the surface (larger phytoplankton (algae) which enriched runoff from fish affected first); can suddenly die-off animal feedlots or water has a green following consecutive days cropland around the cast or looks like it and nights of cloudy, hot, still pond and/or install has paint floating on conditions; decomposition nutrient/sediment the surface prior to causes an oxygen shortage; entrapment structure(s) or during fish kill, dead and decomposing algae above the pond, also or water may have can release a toxin fatal to consider an aeration a brown color during fish into the water and/or give system. or after kill. a brown color to the water. Dead Fish found dead and/ Massive die-off of aquatic Shoreline should be Vegetation or gasping for air vegetation from aquatic sloped 3:1 and (larger fish affected herbicide overuse; or muddy additional deep water first) within a few water from storm runoff areas created to limit days of a die-off of enters a pond and prevents vegetation growth; large amounts of sunlight penetration, resulting reduce nutrient inputs; aquatic vegetation. in suffocation and die-off of consider an aeration aquatic vegetation; large system if unable to amounts of decomposing deepen or reslope vegetation depletes available shoreline areas. dissolved oxygen. Organic Fish found dead and/ Large amounts of Prevent excess organic Pollution or gasping for air decomposing matter matter from entering (larger fish affected (excess animal wastes, or building up in the first) following inflow leaves and vegetation) pond; use aeration to of large amount of deplete dissolved accelerate the decay organic matter after oxygen levels. process and reduce heavy rains. buildup. Winterkill Large numbers of fish Snow cover stays on the ice Remove snow if its of all sizes along with for an extended period of depth is greater than turtles, frogs, and time, preventing sunlight 3 inches from at least other organisms found penetration to plants that 30% of pond surface dead along shoreline produce oxygen; aquatic and/or install an soon after ice-out; few, organisms' respiration and aeration system to if any, fish caught plant decomposition deplete prevent complete by anglers in spring oxygen; shallow, heavily ice cover. as compared to the vegetated ponds are previous year. especially susceptible. CAUSE of RECOMMENDED FISH KILL SYMPTOMS PROBLEM SOLUTION(S)