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45 Chapter 5 ■ • Listen for any change in exhaust sound, which could indicate an exhaust component failure. • Test the operation of each CO detector by pressing the test button. ◆ At least monthly, you should: • Make sure all exhaust clamps are in place and secure. • Look for leaks from exhaust system components. Signs include rust and/or black streaking, water leaks, or corroded or cracked fittings. • Inspect rubber exhaust hoses for burns, cracks, or deterioration. ◆ At least annually, have a qualified marine technician check the engine and exhaust system. Responding to Other Serious Injuries Here are some proper responses to accidents that can occur while boating. ◆ Shock: The seriously injured should be treated for shock by keeping the victim warm, still, and in a lying-down position until medical attention arrives. Elevate the feet several inches except in cases of head, neck, or back injury or hypothermia. ◆ Bleeding: Bleeding usually can be controlled by applying direct pressure to the wound. If the bleeding is minor, apply first aid. If it is serious, apply a dressing, maintain direct pressure, and seek medical attention. ◆ Burns: In cases of burns, the immediate goals are to relieve pain, prevent infection, and treat for shock. Immediately place minor burns in cold water and apply a dry bandage after the pain subsides. Seek medical attention for more severe burns. ◆ Broken Bones: Seek medical assistance immediately for broken and dislocated bones. Apply temporary splints with care. An improper splint can result in lifelong disfigurement; but lack of a splint can lead to hemorrhage, shock, or death. ◆ Head, Neck, or Spinal Injury: In cases of head, neck, or spinal injuries, never move a victim more than is absolutely necessary. The water can provide excellent support until medical personnel arrive. If a victim must be moved, place him or her gently on a firm, full-length support. First-Aid Kit A responsible vessel operator takes a certified course in first aid and CPR. Doing so enables you to respond quickly in emergency situations and to provide immediate care until the victim can be treated by a physician. When out boating, it can take a long time to get medical help. A responsible vessel operator also keeps a first-aid kit on board. It should be waterproof and include: ✓ Assorted gauze adhesive bandages and pads ✓ Cotton and cotton swabs ✓ Scissors ✓ Antiseptic medications and lotions ✓ Aspirin or aspirin substitute ✓ Latex gloves ✓ An extra towel Station Wagon Effect causes carbon monoxide to accumulate inside the cabin and cockpit if you are operating the vessel at a high bow angle, if there is an opening that draws in exhaust, or if protective coverings are used when the vessel is underway. Slow Speed or Idling causes carbon monoxide to accumulate in the cabin, cockpit, and rear deck. Another Vessel's Exhaust that is alongside can emit carbon monoxide into the cabin and cockpit of your vessel. Your vessel should be at least 20 feet from a vessel that is running a generator or engine. or dragging or water- skiing within 20 feet of a moving vessel can be fatal. If persons are using a swim platform or are close to the stern, all gasoline- powered generators with transom exhaust ports must be off. Teak Surfing Blocked Exhaust Outlets can cause carbon monoxide to accumulate in the cabin and cockpit area. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Situations Copyright © 2014 Boat Ed, www.boat-ed.com

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